Litter production in a Quercus suber forest of Montseny (NE Spain) and its relationship to meteorological conditions
نویسنده
چکیده
From 1996 to 2002 the monthly litterfall in a Quercus suber forest ecosystem of Montseny (NE Spain) was recorded and its relationship to meteorological variables was statistically analysed. The average annual production (477 g m−2 yr−1) was similar to those found in other Mediterranean evergreen forests with relatively high rainfall. The main components were the leaves (55% of the total biomass), followed by acorns (22%) and twigs (16%). Litter production was highest during May and June, when the majority of the old leaves fell. When the meteorological conditions were favourable, a second leaf fall collection was observed. Acorn production in 2001 was about nine times that of the previous years, indicating a mast year. In general, the different litterfall components were highly correlated in time except for the acorns. Interannual covariation was significant for leaves/twigs and leaves/catkins. Catkins were the most variable component with also strong seasonality, acorns were also very variable with low seasonality, while leaves were less variable and with the strongest seasonality. After accounting for seasonal covariation, there were significant effects of rainfall on twig litterfall and of temperature on leaf litterfall, the years with highest leaf litterfall being the hottest. litterfall / Iberian Peninsula / coark oak / Mediterranean climate / weather Résumé – Production de litière dans une forêt de Quercus suber du Montseny (NE de l’Espagne) et relations avec les conditions météorologiques. De 1996 jusqu’en 2002, la chute mensuelle de litière d’un écosystème forestier de Quercus suber du Montseny (NE de l’Espagne) a été enregistrée et mise en relation, au moyen de l’analyse statistique, avec les variables météorologiques. La production annuelle moyenne (477 g m−2 an−1) est similaire à celles déjà trouvées dans d’autres forêts sempervirentes avec une pluviosité relativement élevée du pourtour méditerranéen. Les éléments principaux composant la litière ont été : des feuilles (55 % du total de la biomasse), suivies par les glands (22 %) et des rameaux (16 %). La production de litière a été plus importante pendant les mois de mai et de juin, période pendant laquelle sont tombé la plupart des vieilles feuilles. Lorsque les conditions météorologiques ont été favorables une deuxième chute de feuilles a été observée. En 2002, la production de glands a été environ 9 fois plus importante que celle des années précédentes ce qui montre qu’il s’est agi d’une année semencière. En général les différents éléments composant la litière ont présenté une haute corrélation temporelle, sauf pour la chute des glands. La covariation interannuelle a été significative pour feuilles/rameaux et pour feuilles/chatons. Les chatons ont été les éléments les plus variables et ont aussi montré une grande saisonnalité, les glands ont présenté une grande variabilité avec une faible saisonnalité, tandis que les feuilles ont eu moins de variabilité et la plus grande saisonnalité.0Prenant en compte les covariations saisonnières, la pluviosité a eu des effets significatifs sur l’importance des rameaux dans les chutes de litière et la température sur l’importance des feuilles dans les chutes de litière ; en effet les années les plus chaudes étant celles qui présentent les chutes de feuilles les plus importantes dans la litière. chute de litière / péninsule ibérique / chêne liège / climat méditerranéen / conditions météorologiques
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